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# XPYRAMINX

Section: Games and Demos (6)
Updated: 4 Dec 2019
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## NAME

xpyraminx - Pyramid X widget

## SYNOPSIS

/usr/games/xpyraminx [-geometry [{width}][x{height}][{+-}{xoff}[{+-}{yoff}]]] [-display [{host}]:[{vs}]] [-[no]mono] [-[no]{reverse|rv}] [-{foreground|fg} {color}] [-{background|bg} {color}] [-face{0|1|2|3} {color}] [-{border|bd} {color}] [-delay msecs] [-[no]sound] [-moveSound {filename}] [-{font|fn} {fontname}] [-{size {int} | sticky}] [-{mode {int} | both}] [-[no]orient] [-[no]practice] [-userName {string}] [-scoreFile {filename}] [-scores] [-version]

## DESCRIPTION

The original puzzle has 9 triangles per face (size = 3) and has period 3 turning (i.e. the face or points turn in 120 degree intervals). The puzzle was designed by Uwe Meffert and called the Pyraminx. This has 2^5*3^8*6!/2 or 75,582,720 different combinations.

Another puzzle Senior Pyraminx 3x3x3 exists only on paper, it has period 2 turning (i.e. edges turn with 180 degree intervals) but the corners would fall off unless it had some tricky mechanism. (This may be the same as the Master Pyraminx which has 446,965,972,992,000 different combinations).

Another puzzle (which was not widely distributed), the Junior Pyraminx (and similarly the Junior Pyraminx Star, a octahedron formed by two tetrahedra, this has 7!*3^6 or 3,674,160 different combinations), has 4 triangles (size = 2) per face. This puzzle has been recently reissued by Meffert as Pyramorphix (http://www.mefferts-puzzles.com). At the time I designed this computer puzzle thought that it had only period 2 turning (i.e the edges rotate). It turns out the puzzle has a period 4 turning (edges turn with 90 degree intervals) which makes it analogous to the 2x2x2 Rubik's cube. This puzzle makes various non-tetrahedral shapes. The puzzle contained here has no period 4 turning flexibility.

One is able to simulate Halpern's Tetrahedron or Pyraminx Tetrahedron (period 3 turning and sticky mode). Also one is able to simulate one with variant turning (period 2 turning and sticky mode).

## FEATURES

Press "mouse-left" button to move a piece. Release "mouse-left" button on a piece on the same face and in the same row (but not an adjacent piece or the move is ambiguous). The pieces will then turn towards where the mouse button was released.

Click "mouse-center", or press "P" or "p" keys to toggle the practice mode (in practice mode the record should say "practice"). This is good for learning moves and experimenting.

Click "mouse-right", or press "Z" or "z" keys, to randomize the puzzle (this must be done first to set a new record).

Press "R" or "r" keys to read a saved puzzle.

Press "W" or "w" keys to save (write) a puzzle.

Press "U" or "u" keys to undo a move.

Press "E" or "e" keys to redo a move.

Press "C" or "c" keys to clear the puzzle.

Press "S" or "s" keys to start auto-solver. Only works on 1x1x1, 2x2x2, and 3x3x3 facets in Period 3 mode.

Press "O" or "o" keys to toggle the orient mode. One has to orient the faces in orient mode, besides getting all the faces to be the same color. To do this one has to get the lines to be oriented in the same direction, this only matters with center pieces, if at all (i.e. those pieces not on a corner or edge). This does add complexity so there are 2 sets of records.

Press "2", "3", "B", or "b" keys (not the keypad 2, 3) to change modes to Period 2, Period 3, or Both.

Press "Y" or "y" keys to toggle sticky mode (increase/decrease is disabled here if sticky mode is on).
"Sticky" and "Period 2" turning allows only the edges to turn, and the 2 center rows turn together. It is as if the middle cut of the three cuts did not exist.
"Sticky" and "Period 3" turning allows only the faces to turn, it is as if the middle cut of the three cuts did not exist.
Beware, the "Sticky" mode is a hack and much could be done to improve its look.

Press "I" or "i" keys to increase the number of pieces.

Press "D" or "d" keys to decrease the number of pieces.

Press ">" or "." keys to speed up the movement of pieces.

Press "<" or "," keys to slow down the movement of pieces.

Press "@" key to toggle the sound.

Press "Esc" key to hide program.

Press "Q", "q", or "CTRL-C" keys to kill program.

Use the key pad or arrow keys to move without the mouse.
Key pad is defined for Pyraminx as:
/ Counterclockwise

8 9 Up, Upper Right
^
4<5>6 Left, Clockwise, Right
v
1 2 Lower Left, Down

Use the shift keys to access "Period 3" turns from "Both" mode, otherwise it assumes "Period 2" turning. Faces and points turn in "Period 3" and edges (2 points) turn in "Period 2".

Use the control key and the left mouse button, keypad, or arrow keys to move the whole tetrahedron. This is not recorded as a turn.

The title is in the following format (non-motif version):

  xpyraminx.{2|3|both<turning modes>}: {1|2|3|4|5|6|7|sticky<number of pieces per edge>} @ (<Number of moves>/{<Record number of moves> <user name>|"NEVER noaccess"|"practice"}) - <Comment>

If there is no record of the current puzzle, it displays "NEVER noaccess".

## OPTIONS

-geometry {+|-}X{+|-}Y
  This option sets the initial position of the pyraminx window (resource name "geometry").
-display host:dpy
  This option specifies the X server to contact.
-[no]mono
  This option allows you to display the pyraminx window on a color screen as if it were monochrome (resource name "mono").
-[no]{reverse|rv}
  This option allows you to see the pyraminx window in reverse video (resource name "reverseVideo").
-{foreground|fg} color
  This option specifies the foreground of the pyraminx window (resource name "foreground").
-{background|bg} color
  This option specifies the background of the pyraminx window (resource name "background").
-face{0|1|2|3} <color>
  This option allows you to change the color of a face (resource name "faceColorN"). In mono-mode, color is represented as the first letter of the color name. The faces are ordered top to bottom and left to right. If you has two colors that begin with the same letter you should have one in uppercase and one in lowercase to distinguish them in mono-mode. You can change the colors of the faces to make a stupid pyraminx (i.e. all White or in mono-mode all "W"). Unfortunately, it will not normally say its solved when its randomized. This would be cheating.
-{border|bd} color
  This option specifies the border color of the pieces in the pyraminx window (resource name "borderColor").
-delay msecs
  This option specifies the number of milliseconds it takes to move pieces (1-50) (resource name "delay").
-[no]sound
  This option specifies if sliding pieces should make a sound or not (resource name "sound").
-moveSound filename
  This option specifies the file for the move sound for the twisting of the puzzle (resource name "moveSound").
-{font|fn} ontname
  This option specifies the font that will be used (resource name "font").
-size <int>
  This option allows you to change the number of pieces on a edge (resource name "size").
-sticky
  This option allows you to set the sticky mode (resource name "sticky").
-mode <int>
  This option allows you to set the turning mode (resource name "mode").
-both
  This option allows you to set the turning mode to both period 2 and period 3 (resource name "mode" set at 4).
-[no]orient
  This option allows you to access the orient mode (resource name "orient").
-[no]practice
  This option allows you to access the practice mode (resource name "practice").
-userName string
  This option specifies the user name for any records made or else it will get your login name (resource name "userName").
-scoreFile filename
  Specify an alternative score file (resource name "scoreFile").
-scores
  This option lists all the recorded scores and then exits.
-version
  This option tells you what version of xpyraminx you have.

## RECORDS

You must randomize the puzzle before a record is set, otherwise an assumption of cheating is made if it is solved after a get or an auto-solve.

## SAVE FORMAT

Here is the format for the xpyraminx configuration, starting position, and the movement of its pieces. The format is not standard. The reason for this is that this is simple to produce and the standard notation is not easily scalable for variable number of pieces and turning modes.

Pyraminx with default colors, not randomized:
0 B Blue
1 R Red
2 Y Yellow
3 G Green

  size: 1-7 <number of triangles in the same orientation as the face per row>
  mode: 2-4 <period 2 turning, period 3 turning, or both (4)>
  orient: 0-1 <0 false, 1 true; if 1 then lines on pieces to be oriented>
  sticky: 0-1 <0 false, 1 true; if 1 then some pieces move together>
  practice: 0-1 <0 false, 1 true>
  moves: 0-MAXINT <total number of moves>

  startingPosition: <2 dimensional array of face piece position, each face has size * size pieces, if orient mode then orientation number follows face number: 0 up, 1 upper right, 2 right, 3 down, 4 lower left, and 5 left>

This is then followed by the moves, starting from 1.

  move #: <direction> <control> <face> <position>

Each turn is with respect to a face and position.
Position is 0 to size * size - 1. Position 0 is the triangle furthest from the center, increasing clockwise.
Direction is represented 0 up, 1 upper right, 2 right, 3 down, 4 lower left, 5 left, 9 clockwise, and 15 counterclockwise.
Control is represented as 0 or 1, 1 if the whole tetrahedron is moved at once (here position does not matter), 0 if not. The xpyraminx record keeper does not count a control move as a move, but here we do.

If you have a Pyraminx you cannot solve (2x2x2 or 3x3x3), enter it in pyraminx.log file. Have size = 2 or 3, mode = 3, orient = 0, practice = 0, randomized = 1, and moves = 0 and the number representation for the color of the pieces (usually 0=B, 1=R, 2=Y, 3=G). Bring up xpyraminx, hit 'g' so it will get your configuration and then 's' to solve your pyraminx and then 'w' to write out the steps. Then examine your pyraminx.log file.

## REFERENCES

James G Nourse, The Simple Solutions to Cubic Puzzles, Bantam Books, New York, November 1981, pp 8-15.

Mastering the Magic Pyramid by Tom Werneck, Evans Brothers Limited, London, 1981. pp 109-111.

Douglas R. Hofstadter, Beyond Rubik's Cube: spheres, pyramids, dodecahedrons and God knows what else, Scientific American, July 1982, pp 16-31.

John Ewing & Czes Kosniowski, Puzzle it Out: Cubes, Groups and Puzzles, Cambridge University Press, New York, 1982, pp 60-61.

Magic Cubes 1996 Catalog of Dr. Christoph Bandelow.

## SEE ALSO

X(1), xcubes(6), xtriangles(6), xhexagons(6), xmlink(6), xbarrel(6), xpanex(6), xmball(6), xoct(6), xrubik(6), xskewb(6), xdino(6), xabacus(6)

## COPYRIGHTS

® Copyright 1994-2019, David A. Bagley

## BUG REPORTS AND PROGRAM UPDATES

Send bugs (or their reports, or fixes) to the author:

  David A. Bagley, <bagleyd AT verizon.net>

The latest version is currently at:

  https://www.sillycycle.com/puzzles.html
  http://ibiblio.org/pub/Linux/games/strategy

## Index

NAME
SYNOPSIS
DESCRIPTION
FEATURES
OPTIONS
RECORDS
SAVE FORMAT
REFERENCES
SEE ALSO
COPYRIGHTS
BUG REPORTS AND PROGRAM UPDATES

This document was created by man2html, using the manual pages.
Time: 20:31:52 GMT, December 04, 2019